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Albinism
Albinism
refers to a group of conditions in which people have little or no pigment in
their eyes, skin or hair. Albinism occurs due to inherited altered genes which
do not make the usual amounts of pigment called ‘melanin’. Based on the amount
of melanin in the eyes, different types of albinism can be distinguished. What
the different types have in common is that they are all associated with vision
problems.
Blindness
Blindness
is the state of being sightless. A blind individual is unable to see. Some may
have a limited ability to see objects using special aids or may be able to
perceive light or a light source. All people who are blind experience
sightlessness to various degrees. Blindness can be the result of a variety of
causes.
Cataract
A
cataract is a clouding of the eye’s natural lens. Our eyes’ lens is mainly made
up of water and protein. The proteins are arranged in such a way that the lens
stays clean and light is able to pass through. As we grow older, some of these
proteins may clump together and start to cloud a small area of the lens. This is
a cataract.
Choroideremia
Choroideremia
is a genetic condition that causes progressive loss of vision due to
degeneration of the retina and the choroid. Night blindness is the most common
first symptom. As the disease progresses, there is loss of peripheral vision
(tunnel vision) and later a loss of central vision.
Color Blindness
Color
blindness is the inability to distinguish the differences between certain
colors. Color blindness results from an absence of color-sensitive pigment in
the cone cells of the retina, the nerve layer at the back of the eye.
